Deployment with RVM, nginx, and passenger for ruby on rails

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服务器系统: ubuntu server 11.10 64bit
案例服务器: Linode VPS 512系列

租下vps, 选择所要的系统 ubuntu server 11.10 64bit, 我一直不喜欢直接用root来做部署, 所以我会创建一个具有sudo权限的用户来完成整个部署和操作, 下面以jerry为例:

$  useradd jerry            # 添加用户'jerry'
$  passwd jerry             # 为'jerry'设置密码
$  gpasswd -a jerry sudo    # 将用户jerry添加进sudo组(sudo组是默认就存在的，所以不用创建)
$  cd /home && mkdir jerry  # 为jerry创建工作目录
$  chown jerry /home/jerry  # 设置权限

添加jerry后可能是不是bash环境, 如果发现不是bash环境, 可以融过root用户将jerry的环境改成bash

$ usermod --shell=/bin/bash jerry

通过编辑authorized_keys, 添加public key到jerry用户目录下, 这样以后ssh远程登录服务器就无须输入密码了

$  cd ~  
$  mkdir .ssh  && cd .ssh  
$  vim authorized_keys      # 贴入public key

接下来需要安装RVM, 安装RVM前需要安装几个必要的packages

$  sudo apt-get install curl git-core libtool

然后安装rvm

$  bash < <(curl -s https://rvm.beginrescueend.com/install/rvm)

在 ~/.bashrc 中设置RVM的环境变量

if [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]]  ; then source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ; fi

在 ~.bash_profile 中引用 .bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

推出终端重新进入, 你会发现RVM已经生效了

$  rvm notes  

安装必要的packages

$  sudo apt-get install bison build-essential zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libreadline-gplv2-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev autoconf  

安装完以上的packages后, 正式用rvm编译ruby 1.9.3, rvm会将ruby自动编译到当前用户目录的 ~/.rvm 下(非root用户).

$  rvm install 1.9.3

安装完ruby 1.9.3后, 我们可以把rvm ruby 1.9.3设置为默认

$  rvm --default ruby-1.9.3-p0

接下来就可以查看ruby 版本了

$  ruby -v

至此 Ruby 1.9.3编译已经完成

安装 Postgresql 数据库

首先需要确认当前用户 env的LANG是否为UTF8,

$  env

看显示信息是否有 LANG=en_US.UTF8，如果没有,在 /etc/profile 中加入环境变量:

export LANG=en_US.UTF8

之后退出终端再进入, 你的设置就生效了, 然后安装postgresql数据库, 以 ubuntu 11.10为例, 版本应该是 9.1

$  sudo apt-get install postgresql

切换到root用户下, 初始化postgresql用户和密码

$  su postgres -c psql postgres
$  ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';
$  \q  

其中 'postgres' 为要修改的密码

编辑 /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf

# Database administrative login by UNIX sockets
# local   all         postgres                        ident

# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all         all                               md5 #ident
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all         all         ::1/128               md5  

如果不希望允许 postgres 使用密码登入的可以开启第2行 # local all postgres ident 的注释

编辑 /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf, 搜索 # listen_addresses = 将其修改为

listen_addresses = 'localhost'    # which IP address(es) to listen on;  

如果允许其他机器访问的请将 localhost 修改成 *

重启数据库

$  /etc/init.d/postgresql restart

安装 Phusion Passenger

ruby1.9.3安装好之后, 会自动带一个空的gemset, 切换到该gemset下并安装passenger

$ rvm use 1.9.3@
$ gem install -V passenger   

安装 nginx 服务器

下载最新的stable version nginx

$  mkdir -p /home/jerry/opt/src && cd /home/jerry/opt/src
$  wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.10.tar.gz
$  tar xvf nginx-1.0.10.tar.gz

安装编译相关类库

$  sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev  

编译安装带有 passenger 模块的nginx

使用 passenger 脚本 passenger-install-nginx-module 编译 nginx

选择 2. No: I want to customize my Nginx installation. (for advanced users)

输入 src: /home/jerry/opt/src/nginx-1.0.10 和 prefix: /home/jerry/opt/nginx

添加编译参数并编译

$  --conf-path=/home/jerry/opt/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --with-http_gzip_static_module  

如果还要启动其他编译参数请自行添加

另外如果不想使用passenger自带脚本编译nginx, 也可以手工编译nginx时加入以下参数, 来启动passenger模块

--add-module='/home/jerry//opt/passenger/ext/nginx 

配置 nginx

整理编译自动生成的配置文件

$  cd /home/jerry/opt/etc/nginx
$  mkdir /home/jerry/opt/etc/nginx/default
$  mv *.default default/
$  mkdir conf.d
$  mkdir sites-enabled

将 /home/jerry/opt/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 替换为

user  jerry jerry;
worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    include conf.d/*.conf;
    include sites-enabled/*;
}  

添加 gzip_static 模块配置, 编辑 /home/jerry/opt/etc/nginx/conf.d/gzip_static.conf

gzip_static on;
gzip_types text/css application/x-javascript;

添加 Passneger 模块配置, 编辑 /home/jerry/opt/etc/nginx/conf.d/passenger.conf

passenger_root /home/jerry/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/gems/passenger-3.0.11;
passenger_ruby /home/jerry/.rvm/bin/ruby-1.9.3-p0;

将nginx的server配置链接到sites-enabled下

$  ln -s /home/jerry/apps/conf/nginx.conf /home/jerry/opt/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default  

编辑 /home/jerry/apps/conf/nginx.conf

server{
  listen 80;
  server_name  demo.com www.demo.com;
  root /home/jerry/apps/demo/current/public;
  passenger_enabled on;

  location ~ ^/(images|javascripts|stylesheets)/  {
      root /home/jerry/apps/demo/current/public;
      expires 30d;
  }
}

如果需要配置 详细的配置信息, 请参考 Nginx 文档

添加启动脚本 /home/jerry/opt/etc/init.d/nginx 内容为

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

# PATH=/home/jerry/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin:/bin:/home/jerry/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/bin:/home/jerry/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games
DAEMON=/home/jerry/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx
PIDFILE=/home/jerry/opt/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /home/jerry/opt/etc/default/nginx ] ; then
    . /home/jerry/opt/etc/default/nginx
fi

set -e

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

test_nginx_config() {
    if $DAEMON -t; then
        return 0
    else
        return $?
    fi
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
        test_nginx_config
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE \
            --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true
        echo "$NAME."
    ;;
    stop)
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE \
            --exec $DAEMON || true
        echo "$NAME."
    ;;
    restart|force-reload)
        echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile \
            $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON || true
        sleep 1
        test_nginx_config
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
            $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true
        echo "$NAME."
    ;;
    reload)
        echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
        test_nginx_config
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE \
           --exec $DAEMON || true
        echo "$NAME."
    ;;
    configtest)
        echo -n "Testing $DESC configuration: "
        if test_nginx_config; then
            echo "$NAME."
        else
            exit $?
        fi
    ;;
    status)
        status_of_proc -p $PIDFILE "$DAEMON" nginx && exit 0 || exit $?
    ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest}" >&2
        exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

切换到root用户, 设置nginx的随机服务启动

$  chmod +x /home/jerry/opt/etc/init.d/nginx
$  ln -s /home/jerry/opt/etc/init.d/nginx /etc/init.d/nginx
$  update-rc.d nginx defaults

到这里nginx的配置已经完成，接下来你就可以将项目发布到服务器了.